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1 Introduction and Overview

1.1 Processing a Stylesheet

1.1.1 Tree Transformations

1.1.2 Formatting

1.2 Benefits of XSL

1.2.1 Paging and Scrolling

1.2.2 Selectors and Tree Construction

1.2.3 An Extended Page Layout Model

1.2.4 A Comprehensive Area Model

1.2.5 Internationalization and Writing-Modes

1.2.6 Linking

2 XSL Transformation

2.1 Tree Construction

2.2 XSL Namespace

3 Introduction to Formatting

3.1 Conceptual Procedure

4 Area Model

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Rectangular Areas

4.2.1 Area Types

4.2.2 Common Traits

4.2.3 Geometric Definitions

4.2.4 Tree Ordering

4.2.5 Stacking Constraints

4.2.6 Font Baseline Tables

4.3 Spaces and Conditionality

4.3.1 Space-resolution Rules

4.3.2 Overconstrained space-specifiers

4.4 Block-areas

4.4.1 Stacked Block-areas

4.4.2 Intrusion Adjustments

4.5 Line-areas

4.6 Inline-areas

4.6.1 Stacked Inline-areas

4.6.2 Glyph-areas

4.7 Ordering Constraints

4.7.1 General Ordering Constraints

4.7.2 Line-building

4.7.3 Inline-building

4.8 Keeps and Breaks

4.9 Rendering Model

4.9.1 Geometry

4.9.2 Viewport Geometry

4.9.3 Visibility

4.9.4 Border, Padding, and Background

4.9.5 Intrinsic Marks

4.9.6 Layering and Conflict of Marks

4.10 Sample Area Tree

5 Property Refinement / Resolution

5.1 Specified, Computed, and Actual Values, and Inheritance

5.1.1 Specified Values

5.1.2 Computed Values

5.1.3 Actual Values

5.1.4 Inheritance

5.2 Shorthand Expansion

5.3 Computing the Values of Corresponding Properties

5.3.1 Border and Padding Properties

5.3.2 Margin, Space, and Indent Properties

5.3.3 Height, and Width Properties

5.3.4 Overconstrained Geometry

5.4 Simple Property to Trait Mapping

5.4.1 Background-position-horizontal and background-position-vertical Properties

5.4.2 Column-number Property

5.4.3 Text-align Property

5.4.4 Text-align-last Property

5.4.5 z-index Property

5.5 Complex Property to Trait Mapping

5.5.1 Word spacing and Letter spacing Properties

5.5.2 Reference-orientation Property

5.5.3 Writing-mode and Direction Properties

5.5.4 Absolute-position Property

5.5.5 Relative-position Property

5.5.6 Text-decoration Property

5.5.7 Font Properties

5.6 Non-property Based Trait Generation

5.7 Property Based Transformations

5.7.1 Text-transform Property

5.8 Unicode BIDI Processing

5.9 Expressions

5.9.1 Property Context

5.9.2 Evaluation Order

5.9.3 Basics

5.9.4 Function Calls

5.9.5 Numerics

5.9.6 Absolute Numerics

5.9.7 Relative Numerics

5.9.8 Strings

5.9.9 Colors

5.9.10 Keywords

5.9.11 Lexical Structure

5.9.12 Expression Value Conversions

5.9.13 Definitions of Units of Measure

5.10 Core Function Library

5.10.1 Number Functions

5.10.2 Color Functions

5.10.3 Font Functions

5.10.4 Property Value Functions

5.11 Property Datatypes

6 Formatting Objects

6.1 Introduction to Formatting Objects

6.1.1 Definitions Common to Many Formatting Objects

6.2 Formatting Object Content

6.3 Formatting Objects Summary

6.4 Declarations and Pagination and Layout Formatting Objects

6.4.1 Introduction

6.4.2 fo:root

6.4.3 fo:declarations

6.4.4 fo:color-profile

6.4.5 fo:page-sequence

6.4.6 fo:layout-master-set

6.4.7 fo:page-sequence-master

6.4.8 fo:single-page-master-reference

6.4.9 fo:repeatable-page-master-reference

6.4.10 fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives

6.4.11 fo:conditional-page-master-reference

6.4.12 fo:simple-page-master

6.4.13 fo:region-body

6.4.14 fo:region-before

6.4.15 fo:region-after

6.4.16 fo:region-start

6.4.17 fo:region-end

6.4.18 fo:flow

6.4.19 fo:static-content

6.4.20 fo:title

6.5 Block-level Formatting Objects

6.5.1 Introduction

6.5.2 fo:block

6.5.3 fo:block-container

6.6 Inline-level Formatting Objects

6.6.1 Introduction

6.6.2 fo:bidi-override

6.6.3 fo:character

6.6.4 fo:initial-property-set

6.6.5 fo:external-graphic

6.6.6 fo:instream-foreign-object

6.6.7 fo:inline

6.6.8 fo:inline-container

6.6.9 fo:leader

6.6.10 fo:page-number

6.6.11 fo:page-number-citation

6.7 Formatting Objects for Tables

6.7.1 Introduction

6.7.2 fo:table-and-caption

6.7.3 fo:table

6.7.4 fo:table-column

6.7.5 fo:table-caption

6.7.6 fo:table-header

6.7.7 fo:table-footer

6.7.8 fo:table-body

6.7.9 fo:table-row

6.7.10 fo:table-cell

6.8 Formatting Objects for Lists

6.8.1 Introduction

6.8.2 fo:list-block

6.8.3 fo:list-item

6.8.4 fo:list-item-body

6.8.5 fo:list-item-label

6.9 Dynamic Effects: Link and Multi Formatting Objects

6.9.1 Introduction

6.9.2 fo:basic-link

6.9.3 fo:multi-switch

6.9.4 fo:multi-case

6.9.5 fo:multi-toggle

6.9.6 fo:multi-properties

6.9.7 fo:multi-property-set

6.10 Out-of-Line Formatting Objects

6.10.1 Introduction

6.10.2 fo:float

6.10.3 fo:footnote

6.10.4 fo:footnote-body

6.11 Other Formatting Objects

6.11.1 Introduction

6.11.2 fo:wrapper

6.11.3 fo:marker

6.11.4 fo:retrieve-marker

7 Formatting Properties

7.1 Description of Property Groups

7.2 XSL Areas and the CSS Box Model

7.3 Reference Rectangle for Percentage Computations

7.4 Common Accessibility Properties

7.4.1 source-document

7.4.2 role

7.5 Common Absolute Position Properties

7.5.1 absolute-position

7.5.2 top

7.5.3 right

7.5.4 bottom

7.5.5 left

7.6 Common Aural Properties

7.6.1 azimuth

7.6.2 cue-after

7.6.3 cue-before

7.6.4 elevation

7.6.5 pause-after

7.6.6 pause-before

7.6.7 pitch

7.6.8 pitch-range

7.6.9 play-during

7.6.10 richness

7.6.11 speak

7.6.12 speak-header

7.6.13 speak-numeral

7.6.14 speak-punctuation

7.6.15 speech-rate

7.6.16 stress

7.6.17 voice-family

7.6.18 volume

7.7 Common Border, Padding, and Background Properties

7.7.1 background-attachment

7.7.2 background-color

7.7.3 background-image

7.7.4 background-repeat

7.7.5 background-position-horizontal

7.7.6 background-position-vertical

7.7.7 border-before-color

7.7.8 border-before-style

7.7.9 border-before-width

7.7.10 border-after-color

7.7.11 border-after-style

7.7.12 border-after-width

7.7.13 border-start-color

7.7.14 border-start-style

7.7.15 border-start-width

7.7.16 border-end-color

7.7.17 border-end-style

7.7.18 border-end-width

7.7.19 border-top-color

7.7.20 border-top-style

7.7.21 border-top-width

7.7.22 border-bottom-color

7.7.23 border-bottom-style

7.7.24 border-bottom-width

7.7.25 border-left-color

7.7.26 border-left-style

7.7.27 border-left-width

7.7.28 border-right-color

7.7.29 border-right-style

7.7.30 border-right-width

7.7.31 padding-before

7.7.32 padding-after

7.7.33 padding-start

7.7.34 padding-end

7.7.35 padding-top

7.7.36 padding-bottom

7.7.37 padding-left

7.7.38 padding-right

7.8 Common Font Properties

7.8.1 Fonts and Font Data

7.8.2 font-family

7.8.3 font-selection-strategy

7.8.4 font-size

7.8.5 font-stretch

7.8.6 font-size-adjust

7.8.7 font-style

7.8.8 font-variant

7.8.9 font-weight

7.9 Common Hyphenation Properties

7.9.1 country

7.9.2 language

7.9.3 script

7.9.4 hyphenate

7.9.5 hyphenation-character

7.9.6 hyphenation-push-character-count

7.9.7 hyphenation-remain-character-count

7.10 Common Margin Properties-Block

7.10.1 margin-top

7.10.2 margin-bottom

7.10.3 margin-left

7.10.4 margin-right

7.10.5 space-before

7.10.6 space-after

7.10.7 start-indent

7.10.8 end-indent

7.11 Common Margin Properties-Inline

7.11.1 space-end

7.11.2 space-start

7.12 Common Relative Position Properties

7.12.1 relative-position

7.13 Area Alignment Properties

7.13.1 alignment-adjust

7.13.2 alignment-baseline

7.13.3 baseline-shift

7.13.4 display-align

7.13.5 dominant-baseline

7.13.6 relative-align

7.14 Area Dimension Properties

7.14.1 block-progression-dimension

7.14.2 content-height

7.14.3 content-width

7.14.4 height

7.14.5 inline-progression-dimension

7.14.6 max-height

7.14.7 max-width

7.14.8 min-height

7.14.9 min-width

7.14.10 scaling

7.14.11 scaling-method

7.14.12 width

7.15 Block and Line-related Properties

7.15.1 hyphenation-keep

7.15.2 hyphenation-ladder-count

7.15.3 last-line-end-indent

7.15.4 line-height

7.15.5 line-height-shift-adjustment

7.15.6 line-stacking-strategy

7.15.7 linefeed-treatment

7.15.8 white-space-treatment

7.15.9 text-align

7.15.10 text-align-last

7.15.11 text-indent

7.15.12 white-space-collapse

7.15.13 wrap-option

7.16 Character Properties

7.16.1 character

7.16.2 letter-spacing

7.16.3 suppress-at-line-break

7.16.4 text-decoration

7.16.5 text-shadow

7.16.6 text-transform

7.16.7 treat-as-word-space

7.16.8 word-spacing

7.17 Color-related Properties

7.17.1 color

7.17.2 color-profile-name

7.17.3 rendering-intent

7.18 Float-related Properties

7.18.1 clear

7.18.2 float

7.18.3 intrusion-displace

7.19 Keeps and Breaks Properties

7.19.1 break-after

7.19.2 break-before

7.19.3 keep-together

7.19.4 keep-with-next

7.19.5 keep-with-previous

7.19.6 orphans

7.19.7 widows

7.20 Layout-related Properties

7.20.1 clip

7.20.2 overflow

7.20.3 reference-orientation

7.20.4 span

7.21 Leader and Rule Properties

7.21.1 leader-alignment

7.21.2 leader-pattern

7.21.3 leader-pattern-width

7.21.4 leader-length

7.21.5 rule-style

7.21.6 rule-thickness

7.22 Properties for Dynamic Effects Formatting Objects

7.22.1 active-state

7.22.2 auto-restore

7.22.3 case-name

7.22.4 case-title

7.22.5 destination-placement-offset

7.22.6 external-destination

7.22.7 indicate-destination

7.22.8 internal-destination

7.22.9 show-destination

7.22.10 starting-state

7.22.11 switch-to

7.22.12 target-presentation-context

7.22.13 target-processing-context

7.22.14 target-stylesheet

7.23 Properties for Markers

7.23.1 marker-class-name

7.23.2 retrieve-class-name

7.23.3 retrieve-position

7.23.4 retrieve-boundary

7.24 Properties for Number to String Conversion

7.24.1 format

7.24.2 grouping-separator

7.24.3 grouping-size

7.24.4 letter-value

7.25 Pagination and Layout Properties

7.25.1 blank-or-not-blank

7.25.2 column-count

7.25.3 column-gap

7.25.4 extent

7.25.5 flow-name

7.25.6 force-page-count

7.25.7 initial-page-number

7.25.8 master-name

7.25.9 master-reference

7.25.10 maximum-repeats

7.25.11 media-usage

7.25.12 odd-or-even

7.25.13 page-height

7.25.14 page-position

7.25.15 page-width

7.25.16 precedence

7.25.17 region-name

7.26 Table Properties

7.26.1 border-after-precedence

7.26.2 border-before-precedence

7.26.3 border-collapse

7.26.4 border-end-precedence

7.26.5 border-separation

7.26.6 border-start-precedence

7.26.7 caption-side

7.26.8 column-number

7.26.9 column-width

7.26.10 empty-cells

7.26.11 ends-row

7.26.12 number-columns-repeated

7.26.13 number-columns-spanned

7.26.14 number-rows-spanned

7.26.15 starts-row

7.26.16 table-layout

7.26.17 table-omit-footer-at-break

7.26.18 table-omit-header-at-break

7.27 Writing-mode-related Properties

7.27.1 direction

7.27.2 glyph-orientation-horizontal

7.27.3 glyph-orientation-vertical

7.27.4 text-altitude

7.27.5 text-depth

7.27.6 unicode-bidi

7.27.7 writing-mode

7.28 Miscellaneous Properties

7.28.1 content-type

7.28.2 id

7.28.3 provisional-label-separation

7.28.4 provisional-distance-between-starts

7.28.5 ref-id

7.28.6 score-spaces

7.28.7 src

7.28.8 visibility

7.28.9 z-index

7.29 Shorthand Properties

7.29.1 background

7.29.2 background-position

7.29.3 border

7.29.4 border-bottom

7.29.5 border-color

7.29.6 border-left

7.29.7 border-right

7.29.8 border-style

7.29.9 border-spacing

7.29.10 border-top

7.29.11 border-width

7.29.12 cue

7.29.13 font

7.29.14 margin

7.29.15 padding

7.29.16 page-break-after

7.29.17 page-break-before

7.29.18 page-break-inside

7.29.19 pause

7.29.20 position

7.29.21 size

7.29.22 vertical-align

7.29.23 white-space

7.29.24 xml:lang

8 Conformance

Appendices

A Internationalization

A.1 Additional writing-mode values

B Formatting Object Summary

B.1 Declaration and Pagination and Layout Formatting Objects

B.2 Block Formatting Objects

B.3 Inline Formatting Objects

B.4 Table Formatting Objects

B.5 List Formatting Objects

B.6 Link and Multi Formatting Objects

B.7 Out-of-line Formatting Objects

B.8 Other Formatting Objects

C Property Summary

C.1 Explanation of Trait Mapping Values

C.2 Property Table: Part I

C.3 Property Table: Part II

D References

D.1 Normative References

D.2 Other References

E Property Index

F Changes since the Proposed Recommendation

G Acknowledgements

B.7 Out-of-line Formatting Objects

Out-of-line Formatting Objects 190% lefttopFormatting ObjectVisualAurallefttop lefttop lefttop

11lefttopfo:float

11lefttop

extended

fallback: place inline.

11lefttop

extended

fallback: place inline.

11lefttopfo:footnote

11lefttop

extended

fallback: place inline.

11lefttop

extended

fallback: place inline.

11lefttopfo:footnote-body

11lefttop

extended

fallback: place inline.

11lefttop

extended

fallback: place inline.

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Table of contents

Appendices

B.7 Out-of-line Formatting Objects