Table of contents

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1.1 Origin and Goals

1.2 Terminology

1.3 Rationale and list of changes for XML 1.1

2.1 Well-Formed XML Documents

2.2 Characters

2.3 Common Syntactic Constructs

2.4 Character Data and Markup

2.5 Comments

2.6 Processing Instructions

2.7 CDATA Sections

2.8 Prolog and Document Type Declaration

2.9 Standalone Document Declaration

2.10 White Space Handling

2.11 End-of-Line Handling

2.12 Language Identification

2.13 Normalization Checking

3 Logical Structures

3.1 Start-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element Tags

3.2 Element Type Declarations

3.2.1 Element Content

3.2.2 Mixed Content

3.3 Attribute-List Declarations

3.3.1 Attribute Types

3.3.2 Attribute Defaults

3.3.3 Attribute-Value Normalization

3.4 Conditional Sections

4 Physical Structures

4.1 Character and Entity References

4.2 Entity Declarations

4.2.1 Internal Entities

4.2.2 External Entities

4.3 Parsed Entities

4.3.1 The Text Declaration

4.3.2 Well-Formed Parsed Entities

4.3.3 Character Encoding in Entities

4.3.4 Version Information in Entities

4.4 XML Processor Treatment of Entities and References

4.4.1 Not Recognized

4.4.2 Included

4.4.3 Included If Validating

4.4.4 Forbidden

4.4.5 Included in Literal

4.4.6 Notify

4.4.7 Bypassed

4.4.8 Included as PE

4.4.9 Error

4.5 Construction of Entity Replacement Text

4.6 Predefined Entities

4.7 Notation Declarations

4.8 Document Entity

5.1 Validating and Non-Validating Processors

5.2 Using XML Processors

Appendices

A.1 Normative References

A.2 Other References

B Definitions for Character Normalization

C Expansion of Entity and Character References

D Deterministic Content Models

E Autodetection of Character Encodings

E.1 Detection Without External Encoding Information

E.2 Priorities in the Presence of External Encoding Information

F W3C XML Working Group

G W3C XML Core Working Group

H Production Notes

I Suggestions for XML Names

2.6 Processing Instructions

Processing Instructions

Processing instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions for applications.

Processing Instructions

2.6	`PI`	::=	`'<?' PITarget (S (Char* - (Char* '?>' Char*)))? '?>'`
2.6	`PITarget`	::=	`Name - (('X' \| 'x') ('M' \| 'm') ('L' \| 'l'))`

PIs are not part of the document's Character Data, but MUST be passed through to the application. The PI begins with a target (PITarget) used to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. The target names "XML", "xml", and so on are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this specification. The XML Notation mechanism MAY be used for formal declaration of PI targets. Parameter entity references MUST NOT be recognized within processing instructions.

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