Table of contents

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1.1 Origin and Goals

1.2 Terminology

1.3 Rationale and list of changes for XML 1.1

2.1 Well-Formed XML Documents

2.2 Characters

2.3 Common Syntactic Constructs

2.4 Character Data and Markup

2.5 Comments

2.6 Processing Instructions

2.7 CDATA Sections

2.8 Prolog and Document Type Declaration

2.9 Standalone Document Declaration

2.10 White Space Handling

2.11 End-of-Line Handling

2.12 Language Identification

2.13 Normalization Checking

3 Logical Structures

3.1 Start-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element Tags

3.2 Element Type Declarations

3.2.1 Element Content

3.2.2 Mixed Content

3.3 Attribute-List Declarations

3.3.1 Attribute Types

3.3.2 Attribute Defaults

3.3.3 Attribute-Value Normalization

3.4 Conditional Sections

4 Physical Structures

4.1 Character and Entity References

4.2 Entity Declarations

4.2.1 Internal Entities

4.2.2 External Entities

4.3 Parsed Entities

4.3.1 The Text Declaration

4.3.2 Well-Formed Parsed Entities

4.3.3 Character Encoding in Entities

4.3.4 Version Information in Entities

4.4 XML Processor Treatment of Entities and References

4.4.1 Not Recognized

4.4.2 Included

4.4.3 Included If Validating

4.4.4 Forbidden

4.4.5 Included in Literal

4.4.6 Notify

4.4.7 Bypassed

4.4.8 Included as PE

4.4.9 Error

4.5 Construction of Entity Replacement Text

4.6 Predefined Entities

4.7 Notation Declarations

4.8 Document Entity

5.1 Validating and Non-Validating Processors

5.2 Using XML Processors

Appendices

A.1 Normative References

A.2 Other References

B Definitions for Character Normalization

C Expansion of Entity and Character References

D Deterministic Content Models

E Autodetection of Character Encodings

E.1 Detection Without External Encoding Information

E.2 Priorities in the Presence of External Encoding Information

F W3C XML Working Group

G W3C XML Core Working Group

H Production Notes

I Suggestions for XML Names

A.2 Other References

Other References

Aho/Ullman

Aho, Alfred V., Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman. Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988. Brüggemann-Klein, Anne. Formal Models in Document Processing. Habilitationsschrift. Faculty of Mathematics at the University of Freiburg, 1993.

Brüggemann-Klein and Wood

Brüggemann-Klein, Anne, and Derick Wood. Deterministic Regular Languages. Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik, Bericht 38, Oktober 1991. Extended abstract in A. Finkel, M. Jantzen, Hrsg., STACS 1992, S. 173-184. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 577. Full version titled One-Unambiguous Regular Languages in Information and Computation 140 (2): 229-253, February 1998. W3C Working Draft. Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0. Martin J. Dürst, François Yergeau, Richard Ishida, Misha Wolf, Tex Texin. James Clark. Comparison of SGML and XML. (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Registry of Language Tags, ed. Keld Simonsen et al. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). RFC 2141: URN Syntax, ed. R. Moats. 1997. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). RFC 3023: XML Media Types. eds. M. Murata, S. St.Laurent, D. Kohn. 2001. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). RFC 2781: UTF-16, an encoding of ISO 10646, ed. P. Hoffman, F. Yergeau. 2000.

ISO 639

(International Organization for Standardization). ISO 639:1988 (E). Code for the representation of names of languages. [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1988.

ISO 3166

(International Organization for Standardization). ISO 3166-1:1997 (E). Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country codes [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1997.

ISO 8879

ISO (International Organization for Standardization). ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing — Text and Office Systems — Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). First edition — 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1986.

ISO/IEC 10744

ISO (International Organization for Standardization). ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology — Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime). [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1992. Extended Facilities Annexe. [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1996. ISO (International Organization for Standardization). ISO 8879:1986 TC2. Information technology — Document Description and Processing Languages. [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1998. Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, and Andrew Layman, editors. Namespaces in XML. Textuality, Hewlett-Packard, and Microsoft. World Wide Web Consortium, 1999.

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