The XSLT 3 approach is the transform function, where you write
individual stylesheets for each step and call them:

<xsl:variable name="pass1" as="document-node()">
         <xsl:sequence select="
             transform(map {
               'stylesheet-location': 'pass1.xsl',
               'source-node': /*
             }
             )?output" />
</xsl:variable>

<xsl:variable name="pass2" as="document-node()">
         <xsl:sequence select="
             transform(map {
               'stylesheet-location': 'pass2.xsl',
               'source-node': $pass1
             }
             )?output" />
</xsl:variable>

And so on.

B  fold-left(('pass1.xsl', 'pass2.xsl', 'pass3.xsl'), /, function($n,
$x) { transform(map{'stylesheet-location': $x, 'source-node' : $n
})?output })