Michael Ludwig wrote:

Is a "dynamic error" just another word for "runtime error"?

Mostly - but if the implementation can prove that a dynamic error is
always raised during evaluation, it is free to raise it at compile
time.

Is a "static error" then the same as a "compile-time error"?

A static error is certainly raised during compilation - but it's not
the only type of error that can be.

There's also type errors, which can be raised at compile-time or
runtime regardless of whether you can prove they will always be raised
during execution.