There must be some way out of here, said the joker to the thief, there's too much confusion, I can't get no relief.*

If we accept the point of view that a set of RDF triples (R) is an unequivocal statement of semantics, the semantics of an XML document - as well as of a JSON document - is implied by the specification of a mapping M of a given document node D to a set of triples:

   D + M => R

Such mapping should be specified using a new mapping language, consuming XDM document nodes and emitting RDF triples. To define it would be a matter of diligence, more than anything else. (Given the availability of XPath.) It is a pity that the W3C did not take that path.

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bT7Hj-ea0VE

Am Montag, 24. Januar 2022, 10:27:39 MEZ hat Ihe Onwuka <ihe.onwuka@g...> Folgendes geschrieben:

On Mon, Jan 24, 2022 at 3:29 AM Michael Kay <mike@s...> wrote:

An XML language can be created to express Bookstores. 

.....which allied with an XML schema can semantically represent books, magazines and newspapers as types of Publication (remember). A JSON document with or without an accompanying JSON Schema cannot do that.

Of course it can, it just does it differently. Instead of capturing the type of publication using the element name, you capture it with an extra attribute/property named "publicationType". You can argue about which representation is "better" (for example, better at conveying the semantics to the human reader), but they both capture the same information -- and neither conveys any semantics to the human reader unless they know what the element and attribute names are supposed to mean.

You can argue about whether they mean the same thing at all as would be the case if  "publicationType" is a JSON array that therefore permits multiple values.