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If I may, I'd like to pose three, I think, fairly simply but unrelated questions: 1.) if an undeclared namespace is utilized, is that document still well-formed? valid? I think it would be still be well formed because the tags and nodes still match, but invalid because...not sure on that. 2.) from wikipedia: Attribute A markup construct consisting of a name/value pair that exists within a start-tag or empty-element tag. In the example (below) the element img has two attributes, src and alt: <img src="madonna.jpg" alt='Foligno Madonna, by Raphael'/>. Another example would be <step number="3">Connect A to B.</step> where the name of the attribute is "number" and the value is "3". what is the string “connect A to B”, if not a value of the attribute? All this is happening within the step node? 3.) how do you know whether the UTF-8 (or whatever) encoding is correct? I'm thinking of: "What if you have a document that has an encoding declared but is really stored in another encoding? Such is the case with the file oops.xml, which looks identical to time.xml but is stored as UTF-16 even though the encoding declaration says UTF-8." http://etutorials.org/XML/xml+hacks/Chapter+2.+Creating+XML+Documents/Hack+27+Encode+XML+Documents/ I never really thought about whether my files were in any particular format. How do you ensure this on a regular basis? using HTML tidy on every file seems a bit absurd. thanks, Thufir
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